This app contains a translation of the Shabaka Stone (also called Shabaqo), an important ancient Egyptian artifact incised with a religious text from Memphite theology. It was dedicated by the Nubian Pharaoh Neferkare, i.e. Shabaqo (711-697 BCE) of the 25th Dynasty. The artifact is a rectangular stone composed of breccia, measuring 91 cm x 137 cm, inscribed with rows and columns of hieroglyphics. The text claims to contain the surviving content of a decaying, worm-eaten papyrus that Pharaoh Shabaka discovered while inspecting the temple of Ptah in Memphis, Egypt. The original text probably dates back to the New Kingdom. In later years, the artifact was used as a millstone, along with other intentional defacements, thus damaging many of the hieroglyphics. The first division of the text relates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Ptah works through Horus to accomplish this unification. Another division tells the Memphite creation story that establishes Ptah as the creator of all things, including gods. Ptah is also described as centering or residing within the heart and tongue of all His creations, thus making Him the center of all existence. According to the stone, creation came forth by the thoughts of Ptah's heart that were then uttered by His tongue. The artifact is now housed in the British Museum. Translated into English from the original Egyptian hieroglyphics.


Who is Ptah?
Ptah was the God of Memphis, the capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom. He was considered the Demiurge or Creator who existed before all other things: "Ptah conceives the world by the thought of His heart and gives life through the magic of His Word." He was the God of craftsmen and architects, and the ancient Greeks identified Him with Hephaestus, the God of blacksmiths, stonemasonry, and metallurgy. In the divine triad of Memphis, Ptah is the husband of Sekhmet and the father of Nefertum. He was also regarded as the father of the architect-sage-physician Imhotep.



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