Edema is a medical term that describes swelling. It most often occurs in the arms, legs, hands and feet. The accumulation of fluid under the skin causes the swelling. This is sometimes a natural reaction to an injury, allergy or infection. Serious problems such as heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver and blood clots that create blockages could result in the same condition. Individuals with swollen legs or other limbs caused by a chronic medical problem must receive treatment for the underlying condition. Individuals with other generalized forms of edema have several treatment options available.

Elevation

Rest and elevation is a common treatment for minor forms of edema that are temporary or caused by an injury. Elevation means raising the affected area above the level of the heart in order to promote the movement of the fluids out of the limb and back into the circulatory system. Bed rest often lasts for anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the cause and severity of the swelling.

Compression Garments

A compression garment is a carefully calibrated item of clothing, like a glove, sock or sleeve, that covers the area affected by edema. Patients wear the garments for the entire length of the day. These create an increased level of pressure in the tissue that forces excess fluids back into the circulatory system. The consistent pressure from items like compression gloves also prevents the accumulation of fluid in the fingers or wrists. A major advantage of garments like compression socks is that they allow normal activities during the day. Compression socks and compression gloves do not restrict movement and make it possible to live a relatively normal lifestyle once the swelling is under control. This is an effective form of treatment for mild and moderate edema.

Diet

Changes in diet are one way to help reduce the symptoms of edema caused by obesity or other conditions related to overall health. Reducing the amount of salt eaten each day will lower the retention of fluids in the tissue. Eating foods that have high levels of magnesium and gamma linolenic acid help to reduce retention as well. It is important to combine dietary changes with other lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise.

Diuretics

Some individuals treat edema with a type of medication known as a diuretic. These drugs increase the frequency of urination. The result is that more fluid leaves the body each day. This prevents the collection of excess fluids in the tissue of the extremities. Diuretics have some side effects that make them impractical for some patients.