When we discuss the heyday of Islam, it cannot be separated from the struggle of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions in preaching to spread Islam. After Rasulullah SAW died, the Islamic leadership was replaced by the Companions or commonly called the Rashidun Khulafaur period. The leader of the Rashidun Khulafaur was called the caliph. These caliphs consisted of Abu Bakr, Umar bin Khattab, Uthman bin Affan, and Ali bin Abi Talib.

After the leadership of these caliphs ended, the Islamic caliphate was continued by the Umayyads. This period is often referred to as the first caliph after the Rashidun Khulafaur or the second caliph after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The Umayyad Caliphate was divided into two periods. The first period occurred in Damascus and the second period in Andalusia (Spain). History of the Establishment of the Umayyads in Damascus

The Umayyads were an Islamic dynasty founded in 661 AD. This caliphate lasted from 661-750 AD. The founder of the Umayyads was Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan bin Harb bin Abd Manaf who was also the first caliph (leader) of the Umayyads. Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan is often nicknamed Muawiyah I and had served as Governor of Syam during the Rashidun Khulafaur era. Precisely, namely during the leadership of Umar bin Khattab and Uthman bin Affan. Meanwhile, the capital of the Umayyads was in Damascus, Syria.