History of Educational Sociology

Since humans are born in this world, consciously or not, they have actually learned and become acquainted with social relations, namely the relationship between humans in society. Out social relations start from the relationship between children and parents and then extend to neighbors.

In this social relationship, there is a process of recognition and the process of recognition includes various cultures, values, norms and human responsibilities, so that different styles of community life can be created with different problems.

This sociology was coined by Auguste Comte, therefore he is known as the father of sociology, he was born in Montpellier in 1798. He is the author of most of the concepts, principles and methods currently used in sociology, originating from Comte. Comte divided sociology into social statics and social dynamics and sociology has the following characteristics:

1. It is empirical in nature, namely it is based on observation and common sense whose results are not speculative.

2. It is theoretical, that is, it always tries to compile abstractions and observations.

3. It is cumulative in nature, that is, sociological theories are formed based on existing theories and then corrected, expanded and refined

4. It is nenotic, that is, it does not question the pros and cons of a certain fact but to explain that fact.

Comte said that every branch of human science must go through three successive stages of theoretical development, namely religious or imaginary, metaphysical or abstract and scientific or positive.

After the end of World War II, the development of society changed drastically where the world community wanted changes in responding to developments and new needs for adjusting the behavior of educational institutions. Therefore, the discipline of educational sociology which had sunk into oblivion was re-emerged as part of the important sciences in educational institutions.

In the opinion of Drs. Ary H. Gunawan, that the history of educational sociology consists of 4 phases, namely:

a. the first phase, where sociology as part of a view of life with general philosophy. In this phase sociology is a branch of philosophy, hence its name is social philosophy.

b. In this second phase, desires arise to build a body of knowledge based on real (empirical) experiences and events. So in this phase there is a desire to separate itself between philosophy and society.

c. sociology in this third phase, is the initial phase of sociology as a science that stands alone. People say that Comte is the "father of sociology", because he was the first to use the term sociology in discussing society.

Meanwhile, Saint Simon is considered a "pioneer" for sociology. He intends to form a science called "Psycho-Politique".

With this knowledge, Saint Simon and also Comte adopted the formulation of Turgot (1726-1781) as a person who contributed to sociology, so that sociology grew on its own.

d. In this last phase, the main characteristic is the desire to jointly provide firm boundaries regarding sociological objects, as well as provide specific sociological understandings and methods. The pioneers of sociology which were autonomous in their method were in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, including Fiche, Novalis, Adam Muller, Hegel, and others.