Natural sciences Natural sciences can be defined as a methodology that constructs and organizes observational knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Natural science attempts to explain how the world and the phenomena in it work based on theorizing and drawing conclusions based on observed data.

Thus, it is devoid of metaphysical interpretations as unobserved (which characterize many religious, Gnostic and spiritual interpretations of the world and its phenomena). The word natural science is also used as a research direction that follows a scientific methodology. While natural philosophy and social sciences try to apply these scientific methodologies to different topics.

Natural sciences form the basis of applied sciences, so they are often categorized together as natural sciences distinguished from social sciences, humanities, occult sciences, arts, etc. Mathematics cannot be considered a part of these natural sciences, but the connection of mathematics with these sciences is very close, as it provides many useful tools for these sciences, and mathematics derives many of its ideas from the study of nature, and physics and chemistry cannot be considered from them, but they have connections.