Hay fever is a common condition that affects close to 18 million Americans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Also known as allergic rhinitis or nasal allergies, hay fever can be seasonal, perennial (year-long), or occupational. Rhinitis refers to irritation or inflammation of the nose.

Hay fever is the term used for an allergy to pollen from plants, like grasses, trees, and weeds.

Your GP can work out whether or not you have hay fever by talking to you about your symptoms (for example, sneezing, coughing, itchy eyes) and when they're worse.

You may be given a referral for a skin prick test and/or blood test to confirm which pollens set off your hay fever.

Most people are diagnosed with hay fever in their teens or early 20s, but you can develop hay fever when you’re older too. It affects about one in five people in the UK.

Around half of people report some improvement in symptoms after several years. And in around 10-20% of people, symptoms go away completely.

Symptoms commonly include:

- runny nose
- nasal congestion
- sneezing
- watery, red, or itchy eyes
- coughing
- itchy throat or roof of the mouth
- postnasal drip
- itchy nose
- sinus pressure and pain
- itchy skin

Symptoms may become long-term if hay fever is untreated.

Although the symptoms of hay fever and the symptoms of a cold can feel similar, the biggest difference is that a cold will cause a fever and body aches. Treatments for both condition are also very different.

Hay fever is extremely common in children, though they rarely develop before 3 years of age. But it’s important to treat allergy symptoms, especially in infants and children. Serious hay fever symptoms can develop into long-term health conditions like asthma, sinusitis, or chronic ear infections. Recent studies show that genetics may indicate whether or not your child will develop asthma alongside hay fever.

Younger children may have more trouble dealing with hay fever symptoms. It can affect their concentration and sleeping patterns. Sometimes the symptoms get confused with the common cold. But your child won’t have a fever like they might with the cold and the symptoms will persist beyond a few weeks.

Hay fever symptoms usually start right after you’re exposed to the allergen. Allergens can be indoors or outdoors seasonally or year-long.

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