Al-Ghazali (UK: /ælˈɡɑːzɑːli/,[14] US: /ˌælɡəˈzɑːli, -zæl-/;[15][16] full name أَبُو حَامِد مُحَمَّد ٱبْن مُحَمَّد ٱلطُّوسِيّ ٱلْغَزَالِيّ, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭūsīy al-Ġazālīy; latinized Algazelus or Algazel; c. 1058 – 19 December 1111) was one of the most prominent and influential Muslim philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mystics[17][18] of Sunni Islam.[19] He was of Persian origin.[20][21][22]

Some Muslims consider him to be a Mujaddid, a renewer of the faith who, according to the prophetic hadith, appears once every century to restore the faith of the ummah ("the Islamic Community"). His works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that al-Ghazali was awarded the honorific title "Proof of Islam" (Hujjat al-Islām).[1]

Al-Ghazali believed that the Islamic spiritual tradition had become moribund and that the spiritual sciences taught by the first generation of Muslims had been forgotten.[26] That resulted in his writing his magnum opus entitled Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm ad-dīn ("The Revival of the Religious Sciences").[27] Among his other works, the Tahāfut al-Falāsifa ("Incoherence of the Philosophers") is a significant landmark in the history of philosophy, as it advances the critique of Aristotelian science developed later in 14th-century Europe.