Pramatha Chowdhury (7 August 18 - 2 September 1948) was one of the leading Bengali language writers who was active in the early part of the twentieth century. He was simultaneously an essayist, poet and short story writer. He also used the pseudonym Birbal. His ancestral home is in Haripur village of Chatmohar upazila in present day Pabna district of Bangladesh.

He is famous as the promoter of the current genre in Bengali prose. He introduced the trend in Bengali literature by editing Sabujpatra Patrika. He also wrote the first satirical essay in Bengali literature. He has also made significant contributions to short stories and sonnets. He edited Sabujpatra and Visva-Bharati