In language, fasting or fasting in Arabic means refraining from everything. So fast it is to refrain from all things such as food, drink, talk, hold the passion and lust, DLS. While the term, fasting is to refrain from anything that could invalidate the fast, which began dawn until sunset. In Al-Quran surah Al-Baqoroh paragraph 187 explains the obligation of fasting.

Sunnah fasting is fasting usual Prophet S.A.W addition to fasting required.
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Hopefully helpful, GOD willing.