In it, he exposes the shortcomings of individuals who are commonly referred to as "philosophers" and lists the characteristics of the "new philosophers": imagination, self-aggrandizement, danger, uniqueness, and "creation of values." Then, by arguing that concepts like "self-awareness," "knowledge," "truth," and "free will" are inventions of the moral consciousness, he challenges some of the fundamental assumptions of the classical philosophic tradition. His "perspective of life," which he views as "beyond good and evil," which rejects a common morality shared by all people, substitutes the "desire to power" as the explanation for all behaviour in their place.