The Hanuman Chalisa is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) in praise of God Hanuman. It was authored by Tulsidas in the Awadhi language, and is his best known text apart from the Ramcharitmanas. Apart from Awadhi, the Hanuman Chalisa is also available in various languages including Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Gujarati. The word "chālīsā" is derived from "chālīs", which means the number forty in Hindi, as the Hanuman Chalisa has 40 verses.

God Hanuman is a devotee of Shri Ram and one of the central characters in a well-known Hindu epic, the Ramayan. According to the Shaivite tradition, God Hanuman is also an incarnation of God Shiva. Folk tales acclaim the powers of God Hanuman. The qualities of Bhagwan Hanuman – his strength, courage, wisdom, celibacy, devotion to Lord Rama and the many names by which he was known – are detailed in the Hanuman Chalisa. Recitation or chanting of the Hanuman Chalisa is a common religious practice. The Hanuman Chalisa is the most popular hymn in praise of Hanuman, and is recited by millions of Hindus every day.

The authorship of the Hanuman Chalisa is attributed to Tulsidas, a poet-saint who lived in the 16th century CE. He mentions his name in the last verse of the hymn. It is said in the 39th verse of the Hanuman Chalisa that whoever chants it with full devotion to Hanuman, will have Hanuman's grace. Among Hindus worldwide, it is a very popular belief that chanting the Chalisa invokes Hanuman's divine intervention in grave problems.

The work consists of forty-three verses – two introductory Dohas, forty Chaupais and one Doha in the end. The first introductory Doha begins with the word shrī, which refers to Shiva, who is considered the Guru of Hanuman. The auspicious form, knowledge, virtues, powers and bravery of Hanuman are described in the first ten Chaupais. Chaupais eleven to twenty describe the acts of Hanuman in his service to Ram, with the eleventh to fifteenth Chaupais describing the role of Hanuman in bringing back Lakshman to consciousness. From the twenty-first Chaupai, Tulsidas describes the need of Hanuman's Kripa. At the end, Tulsidas greets Lord Hanuman with subtle devotion and requests him to reside in his heart and in the heart of Vaishnavs. The concluding Doha again requests Hanuman to reside in the heart, along with Ram, Lakshman and Sita