The Shvetashvatara Upanishad figures as number in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads. It is associated with the Krishna Yajurveda. This Upanishad contains 113 mantras or verses in six chapters. It was presumably composed in the Maurya period (4th or 3rd century BCE)

The Shvetashvatara Upanishad is the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism, for the first time elevating Rudra to the status of Īśa ("Lord"), a god with cosmological functions such as those later attributed to Shiva.

The text concludes with a colophon attributing the text to "Sage Shvetashvatara" directly. The name "Shvetashvatara" is a bahuvrihi compound (Śveta-aśvatara) translating to "owner of a white mule"

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