Cosmology Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking through the Higgs Mechanism.

This app provides a synopsis of the first seconds following the Big Bang and the Inflation period. It discusses the symmetry breaking process that resulted in splitting the original force into the four forces of the Standard Model today. In addition, it displays basic information about the Fermions and Boson of the Standard Model.

The quantum uncertainty of spontaneous symmetry breaking during the Big Bang was completely indifferent to the birth of the universe and life on Earth. However, this event produced inquiring minds with many questions, such as "what is mass?"

Understanding the origin of mass is one of the greatest challenges of science. Going back to a tiny fraction of a second after the Big Bang, the four forces of nature began to split apart and an inflationary expansion took place that increased the size of the universe exponentially. Under these extremely hot conditions the fundamental particles began to form and travel at the speed of light. A tiny fraction of a second later, these particles acquired mass through the Higgs Mechanism, thereby creating the Standard Model of elementary particles ( leptons, quarks, and bosons). The moment when the Higgs field went from zero to an average nonzero value is known as the "electroweak phase transition." The transition was similar to liquid water turning into ice.

Today, we know that the 2.725 degree K cosmic microwave background radiation firmly established the existence Big Bang.