The Kargil War - also referred to as Operation Vijay' which was the name of the Indian operation to clear the Kargil sector.
The cause of the war was the infiltration of Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC which serves as the de facto border between the two states.
The Kargil war (Operation Vijay) is one of the most recent examples of high-altitude warfare in mountainous terrain, which posed significant logistical problems for the combating sides.
Kargil was targeted partly because the terrain was conducive to the preemptive seizure of several unoccupied military positions. With tactically vital features and well-prepared defensive posts atop the peaks, a defender on the high ground would enjoy advantages akin to a fortress.