Over four hundred species of birds have been recorded in the United Arab Emirates, of which about ninety species regularly nest in the country, while the remainder are winter visitors, migrants, or vagrants. The country is at the crossroads of two major migratory routes, one between the Palearctic and Africa, the other between the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent, and migrants use the many types of habitat available.

Approximately 250,000 waders visit the shores of the Persian Gulf and the muddy plains at the peak of their migration, these include Tules, Great-billed Plover and Short-nosed Plover, Crab Plover, Sea Plover and Mud Plover. The coast and especially offshore islands are used by many seabirds. About 20-30 percent of the world's Persian cormorants, about 200,000 birds, breed in the United Arab Emirates. Aden gulls, Red-billed phaetons, as well as several species of terns nest here - Arabian tern, Brown-winged tern and Bengal tern.

The waters of the Persian Gulf along Abu Dhabi are home to the largest population of humpback dolphins in the Indo-Pacific region.

A large number of passerines nest in deserts, salt marshes, plains, dunes and mountains. Twelve species of Kamenkas (a genus of passerines) are registered in the country, as well as Slavkovs, Timeliaceae, or shrubs, Rollers, Bulbuls, or short-toed thrushes, Desert Lark and many others. The Silver Hobby winters in Madagascar and arrives to breed in the United Arab Emirates. In addition, there are very few other species of birds of prey.

Many of the large mammals found in the Arabian Peninsula were well adapted to life in the desert in harsh terrain, but have been exterminated in the last hundred years by hunting, which is now prohibited in the United Arab Emirates, but wild goats and donkeys are numerous and graze freely, which reduces the chances of local gazelles to recover from the decline in their population. Large land mammals still found in the United Arab Emirates are: Arabian tahr, White oryx, or Arabian oryx, Arabian sand gazelle and Mountain gazelle. Predators: Arabian wolf, Striped hyena, Red fox, Afghan fox, Sand fox, Asian caracal, Arabian wild cat, Dune cat and South Arabian leopard. Other mammals include the Cape Hare, Long-snouted Hedgehog, Ethiopian Hedgehog, and Long-eared Hedgehog.

Over 54 land reptile species have been recorded in the UAE. These include a large number of lizards found in all environments from the desert to the city and the top of the mountain, and one species of worm lizard (Two-walker or amphisbaena). There are thirteen species of land snakes, some of the largest being the sand boa, sand eph and horned viper, four species of sea snakes, also found in the Persian Gulf and green sea turtles. In honor of Ruus al-Jibal, a gecko from the genus Ptyodactylus is named. There are two species of amphibians in the United Arab Emirates, the Arabian Toad and the Dhofar Toad or Omani Toad, the former being more common as the Dhofar Toad is nocturnal.

The Center for Endangered Arabian Wildlife Breeding (BCEAW) was established in 1998 and was originally built to breed endangered wildlife, but has since developed into a center for research and conservation of the region's native plants and animals.

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