The Federal Law defines the rights, freedoms, duties and responsibilities of military personnel, as well as the foundations of state policy in the field of legal and social protection of military personnel, citizens of the Russian Federation dismissed from military service, and their family members.

The law refers to persons with the status of military personnel military personnel doing military service under contract and conscription. Foreign citizens acquire the status of military personnel for the period of service.

Servicemen have human and civil rights and freedoms with some restrictions. In particular, the participation of military personnel in strikes, in associations pursuing political goals is prohibited. It is not allowed to engage in other paid activities (except for scientific, teaching, creative), entrepreneurial activities. The creation of religious associations in a military unit is not allowed.

Special attention is paid to the issues of providing servicemen with monetary allowances, consisting of a salary for a military position, a salary for a military rank and additional payments.

The procedure for providing servicemen with housing, including after the end of service, has been regulated. The purchase of housing is carried out at the expense of the federal budget by the federal executive authorities, which provide for military service.