Cappadocia is a touristic and historical region in Central Anatolia, largely located around the provinces of Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Malatya, Sivas and Niğde in Turkey.

Since the late 300's BC, the name Cappadocia has been limited only to the inner region (sometimes called Greater Cappadocia), Upper Cappadocia, which will be the focus of this article. Lower Cappadocia is focused elsewhere.

According to Herodotus, during the time of the Ionian Revolt (499 BC), the Cappadocians occupied a region from the Taurus Mountains to the Öksin (Black Sea) region. In this sense, Cappadocia is bordered by the Taurus Mountains chain, which separates it from Cilicia in the south with the Upper Euphrates in the east, Pontus in the north, Lycaonia in the west and Galatia in the east.

The name, traditionally employed in Christian sources throughout history, continues to be marketed as an international tourism concept to describe a region of extraordinary natural wonders, especially those characterized by fairy chimneys and a unique historical and cultural heritage.

Herodotus mentions that the Cappadocians were called by the Persians and the Greeks as "Syrians" or "White Syrians" Leucosyri. One of the Cappadocian tribes he refers to is the Moschoi, associated by Flavius Josephus with Meshech, son of Japheth in the Bible: "and Mosochini was founded by Mosoch; now they are Cappadocians".

Cappadocia is mentioned in the Bible account given in Acts 2:9. The Cappadocians are mentioned as a group of Galileans who heard the Gospel account in their own language on the day of Pentecost, soon after the revival of Jesus Christ. Acts 2:5 is supposed to suggest that the Cappadocians on this account were "God-fearing Jews."

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