On October 2-12, 1952, a peace conference was organized in Peking, People's Republic of China with the representatives of the Asian and Pacific countries, with the participation of delegates from India and Pakistan. Apart from Bangabandhu from the then East Pakistan and present Bangladesh, Ataur Rahman, Manik Mia, Khandaker Md. Several people including Elias participated. This is Bangabandhu's first visit to China. During the visit, Bangabandhu met with undisputed Chinese leader Mao Zedong. During this time he witnessed the political and socio-economic situation in China.

He then visited China for the second time in 1958 as the Minister of Industry, Trade, Labor, Anti-Corruption and Village-Aid.

In the light of these experiences during his travels in China, he wrote a diary in which he vividly discussed the political and socio-economic situation of Pakistan and China at that time, and the practice of democracy in the communist state.

This diary of Bangabandhu has been published in the form of a book called New China. Note that this book was previously to be published as New China Travel.