The Spiritual Psalter is a collection of 150 hymns by St. Ephrem the Syrian (306 – 373 AD). St. Ephrem was deacon in the Syrian church and wrote a number of sermons poems, and hymns, defending the Christian faith against a number of false teachings that arose in Syria. His writings were popular throughout the Christian Empire for centuries after his death. He is venerated in most Christian denominations, and has been declared a Doctor of the church by the Roman Catholic Church.

This collection of hymns was compiled by Bishop Theophan the Recluse (1815 - 1894) for the Orthodox Russia people.