Chemical reactions are one of the 13 types of ignition sources to be considered in explosion risk analyses according to EN 1127. The variety of reactions is large and the analysis of ignition scenarios ranges from runaway to self-heating and self-ignition.
INDEX® is therefore preparing a thermal safety programme, TSTOOLS®basic, which facilitates this analysis and consists of five categories:

"Heat accumulation in solids - self-heating"
"Exothermic reaction"
"Temperature limits for equipment"
"Literature"
"Abbreviations".

Here are some parameters that can be determined with these new TSTOOLS®basic:

Critical temperature for bulk solids
Time to maximum rate, tmr
Temperature with an induction time of 24 hours, TD24, AZT24
Maximum drying temperatures for different dryers
Scale-up of the critical heat output