When a urinary tract infection is presented in a pediatric patient, pediatricians and urologists will seek to identify if the patient is at risk of follow-up urinary tract infection and/or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), a condition in which urine flows retrograde from the bladder into the ureters/kidneys. If the patient is at risk of VUR, the clinician will order an invasive diagnostic test called a voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). The objective is to quantify the risk of VUR.